North Dakota migration, mapped
In 2022–23, 23,095 people moved into North Dakota and 23,852 moved out, a net of −757. Drag the year slider to watch the trend, hover any state to see the corridor, or click through to explore it.
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† IRS methodology change in this year’s files (see methodology)
What the flows say
- Biggest corridors: Minnesota leads both directions, with 5,921 people in and 6,396 out in 2022–23.
- Trend: net outflow has eased over the last three years, from −6,276 in 2020–21 to −757 in 2022–23†.
Population · 2025
799,358
▲ 0.8% year over year · growing
Peak population
799,358
highest in the series shown (since 1910)
Why the population is changing
- Growth driver: growth is led by international migration (+2,810); domestic migration added +512 in 2025.
- Peak population: the 2025 estimate of 799,358 is the highest on record, in data going back to 1910.
Net income flow · 2022–23
−$144M
▼ $752M arrived · $896M left
Avg household income · movers
$55k in · $65k out
leavers out-earn arrivals by 18%
North Dakota wealth migration
- Money moved: households moving into North Dakota in 2022–23 reported $752M in income (AGI). Households leaving took $896M with them, a net loss of $144M.
- Income gap: the average household moving in reported $55k of income, vs $65k for leavers. Leavers out-earn arrivals by 18%.
Drill into a metro
IRS data goes deeper than states. Pick a metro to see its own corridors.
About the data
Migration figures come from the official IRS state-to-state files (exemptions ≈ people). Population figures are Census Bureau estimates, and the peak checks every census back to 1910. Income figures are the total income (AGI) movers reported in the same IRS files. Dollars are not adjusted for inflation, and household averages divide by the number of returns. Years marked † had a change in how the IRS built the files. Full details, caveats, and a suggested citation on the methodology page.
Download this data (CSV), free to use with attribution.
Every year, thousands of people move to North Dakota
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